Understanding Indica and Sativa varieties
With growing interest in cannabis, the diversity of strains and their effects can seem complex. This article focuses on the two most popular types of cannabis: Sativa and Indica.
These varieties are not only distinguished by their botanical aspects. Although they are more similar than was thought a few years ago, a key criterion remains their respective effects. Traditionally, cannabis is classified into three main groups: Sativa, Indica and Hybrid. However, this method is mainly based on botanical criteria, such as plant shape and structure. In reality, the effects of cannabis are more influenced by its chemical profile, notably the concentration of cannabinoids and terpenes. These chemical compounds determine not only aromas, but also the reactions they provoke in the user.
What's the difference between Sativa and Indica varieties?
Finally, it's important to distinguish the Sativas mentioned here from industrial hemp varieties. The latter, although belonging to the Cannabis Sativa species, are specifically cultivated to contain less than 0.3% THC, in accordance with regulations, and should not be confused with recreational or medical varieties.
Indica varieties are distinguished by their broad, thick leaves and a darker overall hue than Sativa. Native to cold climates, they are adapted to shorter growing seasons thanks to their compact stature. Indica flowering generally lasts from 45 to 65 days. Their name comes from the naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who described an Indian cannabis plant in 1785.
In contrast, Sativa - a term meaning "cultivated", introduced by botanist Carl Linnaeus in 1753 - is found mainly in dry, hot climates such as Africa and Southeast Asia. These plants can reach heights of over 3.5 meters, with characteristic thin leaves. Their ripening time is longer than that of Indica, and their aroma is often described as fruity or sweet.
What effects are associated with Sativa and Indica varieties?
Sativa varieties are often perceived as energizing, ideal for those seeking a boost in energy and productivity. Their effect promotes concentration and a feeling of general well-being, making them suitable for daytime use. Indica strains, on the other hand, are more associated with relaxation and calm. They induce deep bodily relaxation, often described as a state of "stoned", and are favoured in the evening to promote rest and serenity. Hybrids, on the other hand, combine the effects of both, with a predominance that varies according to genetics.
However, it's important to remember that reactions vary according to many factors, including state of mind, the context of consumption, and the method used. Elements such as individual tolerance, dosage, and cannabinoid and terpene profiles also influence the experience. As a result, the effects experienced may differ from one person to the next.
How do Indica and Sativa varieties differ in their terpene profiles?
From a scientific point of view, the chemical profiles of cannabis varieties, particularly their terpene and cannabinoid content, play a central role in their distinctive characteristics. While THC and CBD are well known, terpenes, the aromatic compounds present in the plant, influence not only the aroma, but also the effects experienced.
Indica varieties: These often contain terpenes such as limonene, linalool, myrcene and caryophyllene. These contribute spicy, earthy and sometimes woody aromas, as well as soothing and relaxing effects.
Sativa varieties: They generally contain sweet terpenes such as bergamot and farnesin, combined with fresh, fruity aromas, which enhance their stimulating, energizing effects.
However, with modern selections and crossbreeding, hybrids combine a variety of terpene profiles, making distinctions less marked. What's more, some terpenes, such as beta-caryophyllene, also possess cannabinoid-like properties, including anti-inflammatory effects, adding another layer to their complex role in the overall experience.
The benefits of Indica and Sativa varieties
The distinction between Sativa and Indica varieties is essential to understanding their therapeutic potential. Indica varieties are renowned for their soothing, anti-inflammatory properties . They are often chosen as a support to relieve chronic pain or reduce inflammation. These effects make them a frequent option for arthritis patients, where they can help improve comfort and quality of life.
Conversely, Sativa varieties, with their stimulating effects and ability to improve concentration and mood, are often used in the management of psychological disorders. They are known to help reduce anxiety, treat mood disorders and even combat insomnia.
To meet patients' specific needs, certain hybrid varieties are also developed to offer a personalized balance between relaxation and stimulation. Each individual must ensure that the variety consumed is adapted to their specific needs, as safety and efficacy also depend on the quality of the product.
How do you choose the right variety for your needs?
The choice of a cannabis variety depends essentially on your preferences and the effects you're looking for, because there's no universal rule that applies to everyone. First ask yourself: why?
- Need stimulation or energy? Sativa varieties are ideal for their invigorating and creative effects, perfect for keeping active and focused.
- Looking for relaxation? Indica varieties, with their soothing properties, are your ally for disconnecting and recharging your batteries.
The most important thing is to know what you want, and test different options to find the one that best suits your personal experience.
